Exercise as Medicine: How Physical Activity Reverses the Molecular Hallmarks of Muscle Aging
Exercise repairs ageing muscles by reversing biological hallmarks of decay. It stimulates stem cell regeneration, increasing the satellite cell pool required for effective tissue repair. It maintains proteostasis through autophagy, which removes damaged proteins that hinder muscle health. It restores mitochondrial function, improving energy production efficiency within muscle fibres. Exercise also promotes epigenetic rejuvenation, shifting gene profiles to support youthful muscle growth.